This study published in Nature Medicine traced how immunity develops to Strep A, a serious bacterial pathogen associated with 500,000 deaths annually. Immune response were studied across the life-course and the largest changes in Strep A immunity were found to occur in the first 2 years of life. Modelling also revealed the Strep A antigens associated with protection from infection, which has direct implications for vaccine development. Associate Professor Nikki Moreland and former PhD candidate Alana Whitcombe contributed to this high impact study via development of assays to quantify Strep A immune responses in the laboratory.